Cervical cancer arise in the cells of the cervix
(cervix is the lower part of the uterus in the human female reproductive
system). This cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world.
With the availability of newer tools and technologies, it is easy to detect it
in starting phase.
Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cancer
across the world and it represents 85% of all cancers. About 12,360 new cases
and 4,020cases of death due to cervical cancer are estimated in 2014. Etiologic
factors of this cancer are human papillomavirus (HPV) infected, cigarette
smoking, weakened immune system, having a multiple pregnancy, sexual activity
and oral contraceptives.
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Cervical cancer is classified into four types,
which involve Squamous cell carcinoma (90 %), Adenocarcinoma (10%), while small
cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and Adenosqaumous carcinomas both are rarely
observed. Squamous cell carcinoma is
originated from metaplastic squamous epithelium located between the original
and new squamocolumnar junctions, the transformation zone. Adenocarcinoma
originates from glandular cells. Adenosqaumous carcinomas are originated from
the cell lining of the cervix and gland cells. Small cell and neuroendocrine
carcinoma originates from neuroectodermal cells like argyrophilic,
neuroendocrine, and melanocytic cells. HPV infection is the most common cause
of squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma.
There are some immunotherapy agents are
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that involves Cervarix and
Gardasil for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Cervarix is a vaccine which is indicated for
prevention of cervical cancer caused by oncogenic HPV 16 and 18, but it does
not provide protection against disease due to all HPV types. Some adverse
effects are observed, which includes headache, gastrointestinal symptoms and
myalgia. Gardasil is also a vaccine to protect against cervical cancers, which
is caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Some contraindications are observed like
severe allergic reactions to yeast and hypersensitivity. Some adverse effects
are also being noted that involves headache, fever, swelling at the injection
site and many more.
Global Allied Pharmaceuticals (GAP) has
progressive approaches for treatment of cervical cancer. GAP has a team of
experts in immunotherapy and immune-oncology. Our experts gather all the
information related to the patients suffering from this cancer and then they
provide their analysis.
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