When
one talks about the meningioma, it is the most common variant of intracranial
tumour that can be observed. Our brain and spinal cord cover themselves with a
thin sheath of membrane. This membraneis comprised of arachnoid cap cells,
which gives birth to this disease. Currently, a lot of research has been going
on to utilise the benefits of immunotherapy in the treatment of this cancer
type.
According
to a study conducted in United States in 2010, it was estimated that 1, 70,000
people would be affected by this malignancy. Moreover, 155 deaths were also
recorded for the same in small children of 0 to 14 years of age.
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If
we calculate the incidences of meningioma to other tumours associatedwith
central nervous system, it will take 33.8% of the share. As per the age
standards, a very small population group is affected by this tumour
form.Annually, the increase in the number of cases is found to be 7.8 out of
one million cases. Females and people above the age of 85 are more prone to
this tumour type. The symptoms can range from headache, nausea and weakness to
change in behaviour. Exposure to radiations and hormone based therapy may
enhance the risk of developing meningioma. Alterations or deletions in
chromosomes, modification of signalling pathways, and growth factors associated
with cell growth forms the molecular basis for the progression of this
malignancy.
Till
now, no FDA approved immunotherapeutic agent has been developed for the
treatment of meningioma. But, a number of clinical trials are being conducted for
the same. In monoclonal antibody class of agents, Bevacizumab has been put
under trials alone as well as in combination with everolimus, an mTOR
inhibitor.It is proposed to act against the growth factor receptors and prevent
the process of angiogenesis to suppress tumour growth. Adoptive therapy has
also played a vital role in the therapy. It exploits T-lymphocytes of cytotoxic
nature for the purpose, which recognises the leukocyte antigens and strengthens
the immune system of the patient. Use of interferon therapy can also prove to
be successful. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors have also been put forward
which includes imatinib, sunitinib, vatalanib, erlotinib and gefitinib. All
these agents have helped to make immunotherapy a better treatment option and
the research is still going on to gain a deeper understanding of the target
molecules and pathways that can combat this tumour with a safer approach.
Contact
Global Allied Pharmaceuticals for immune oncology related services. Visit
www.gapsos.com.
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