Lung cancer is one of the leading
cancers of death among all the cancers worldwide and it is developed through
various processes which are involving development of numerous genetic and
epigenetic modifications, mainly the inhibition of tumor suppressor pathways
and also the activation of growth promoting pathways. Lung cancer is
sub-divided in to two categories: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small
cell lung cancer (SCLC). Lung cancer can be easily treated with the help of
immunotherapy. There are several immunotherapeutic of monoclonal Antibody Drug Conjugate,
kinase inhibitor drugs, and antibody drug conjugates are available for the
treatment with strong activity against the tumors.
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American Cancer Society estimates around
221,200 new cases (115,610 males and 105,590 females) and approximately 158,040
deaths (86,380 males and 71,660 females) due to lung cancer in the United
States in 2015. Lung cancer is responsible for 27% deaths among all the cancers
and it represents 13.5% of all cancer. The age- standardized rate of incidence
and mortality rates varies varied between 3-35 per 100,000 in females, and
21-77 per 100,000 in males and 8-19 per 100,000 in females and 32-52 per
100,000 in males. The most common sign and symptoms of lung cancer are
persistent cough, chest pain, voice change, hemoptysis, and recurrent pneumonia
or bronchitis. The important risk factors of lung cancer are radiation
exposure, industrial substances, radon gas, tuberculosis, air pollution,
asbestos, genetics, and smoking and smoking tobacco is other important risk
factor of lung cancer and around 87% lung cancer occurs in the United States
due to smoking.
The lung cancer can be diagnose
through various imaging techniques such as CT scan and other techniques for the
diagnosis of lung cancer are sputum cytology and various biopsy test of blood.
There are various radiation therapies, surgical operations, and numerous FDA
approved chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of lung cancer but these
therapies are costly and also having various side-effects for the patients
during the treatment or after the treatment.
The immunotherapy is single option
which is having minor side-effects for the patients because it enhances the
immune system and kills the cancerous cells. The monoclonal antibodies, immune
combination therapy, kinase inhibitor drugs, and antibody drug conjugates are
having various immunotherapeutic which is having high potency to fight against
the cancerous cells. The Bevacizumab, Erlotinib, Afatinib, Gefitinib, and
Crizotinib are most commonly used for the treatment of lung cancer and several
drugs are under clinical trials for FDA approval. These immunotherapeutic
indicates the potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer
against the other treatments.
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