Frequently Asked Questions about Antibody Forms & Isotypes in Antibody Immunotherapy

Antibody immunotherapy might feel very simple when it’s described as a way for antibodies to bind to antigens and allow the immune system responses to eliminate the pathogen endangering the host , but when things are observed in more detail , it’s found out that are massive complexities when it comes to all these types of components , and their molecular structures and functions and so on , and thus in this blogpost we’re going to answer some basic questions about antibodies , their forms and isotypes .

So what are the forms of these antibodies?

Mainly the membrane-bound form of antibodies could be called a membrane immunoglobulin or a surface immunoglobulin and it’s a part of BCR (short for B-cell receptor).

The BCR is responsible for cell signaling initiation through what it’s composed of which is IgD or IgM antibodies & Ig-α and Ig-β heterodimers.

And how does that work?

Mainly these B-cells can have up to a hundred thousand antibody bound to each of them , and as these antibodies cluster together on lipid rafts , they’re capable of the isolation of the BCR from other cell signaling activities and thus allow signal transduction , and also they may increase the efficiency rate of the cellular immune response .

What about antibody isotypes?

As we mentioned before they’re made of immunoglobulins or glycoproteins in Y shapes, and they’re made of 2 sets of large and heavy chains and small and light chains, and depending on their arrangement is what creates an isotype and its function.

And what are the types of isotypes?

They mainly have about 5 types in placental mammals, and there about 2 not found within them, here are the types present in mammals:

IgA,IgD, IgE, IgG,&IgM.

Can you describe what each is responsible for exactly?

1-IgA: is mainly responsible for the stoppage of pathogen growth and thus colony-creation.

2-IgD: activates basophil and mast cells and thus leads to the production of anti-microbe effects.

3-IgE: It’s responsible for binding with allergic agents and triggering the release of histamine from mast and basophils and protects against worms that are parasitic.

4-IgG: The major protector against invading pathogenic agents and it has four forms.

5-IgM: It’s responsible for the elimination of pathogens before the IgG antibodies step into the action by increasing their size.

And thus concludes our brief discovery of antibody immunotherapy through the observation of antibodies on B-cell receptors and the different types of immunoglobulin isotypes.

Contact www.gapsos.com for further information.