Do you know about squamous cell carcinoma in skin?

Cutaneous Squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is characterized by uncontrolled growth in squamous cells of skin. This type of cancer occurs mainly in upper layer of skin. According to data collected in 2012, there were 700000 new cases diagnosed annually of squamous cell carcinoma. In the same year 3900-8800 death cases were reported.Main cause of this type of carcinoma is UV exposure, which may be through direct sunlight, or tanning beds. Symptoms of SCC include growing of bumps, which is diagnosed with rough, scaly skin with red patches. There is predominance of male over female for this type of cancer. And it’s more incidences are found over age of 50. Australia is the country, where more incidences are found of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma than rest of the world. There are many signaling pathways and factors which are responsible for development of Squamous cell carcinoma. Among these factors, TP53 is most important factor, which is involved during development of immune system, suggest the immune-oncology of cutaneous squamous cell progression.

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There are many risk factor or pre disposing factor which contribute to development of squamous cell carcinoma. UV light exposure is the main cause for squamous cell carcinoma. People with fair skin or blonde hair or red hair may be more susceptible for SCC development.Chemicals that may be a major risk factor of SSC arearsenic,chromium etc.Human papillomavirus infection may be a risk factor for SCC.Ionizing radiation may be responsible for SCC progression.Immuno deficient patient may be susceptible for SCC.People suffering from Inflammatory diseases like as chronic ulcers, chronic sinuses (eg, osteomyelitis), lupus vulgaris (cutaneous tuberculosis) may be moresusceptible for SCC.Some genetic conditions may contribute SCC as xeroderma pigmentosum.Some disease conditions may be responsible for SCC as Bowen's disease (skin actinic damage), Multiple actinic keratoses, Keratoacanthomas.

There are many immune therapeutic agents for squamous cell carcinoma, but most of them are under clinical trial.Non FDA approved immunotherapeutic agent’s are-

Monoclonal antibodies: Cetuximab,

Cytokines: Recombinant interferon alfa,Pegylated Interferon alfa - 2a,

Cytikines inhibitors: Gefitinib.

Immune combination therapy is the most promising therapy to treat cancer better and as acombination of cetuximab and radiotherapy in patients with advanced cSCC. Various studies demonstrated that this therapy was effective in 64% of patients. 

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