Immunotherapy is a scientific term defined as the treatment of disease by including,
activation, or suppressing an immune response. Immunotherapy is also sometimes
called biological therapy. It is treatment that uses certain parts of the
immune system to fight diseases such as cancer. Cell based immunotherapy’s are
proven to be more effective for some cancers. Immune effectors cells such as
lymphocytes, macrophages, dentritic cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T
lymphocytes, etc., work together to defend the body against cancer by targeting
abnormal antigens expressed on the surface of the tumor due to mutation.
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Passive
immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity from one individual to
another. This immunity can occur naturally through placenta, when maternal
antibodies are transferred to the fetus, and can also be induced artificial,
when high levels of human antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are
transferred to non-immune individuals and used when there is a high risk of
infection and insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune
response.
Immunostimulants
are substances like drugs and nutrients that stimulate the immune system by including
activation or increasing activity of any of its components. There are two main
categories of immunostimulants are specific and non-specific. Specific immune- Oncology provide antigen specificity in immune response, such as
vaccines or antigens. Non-specific immunostimulants act as irrespective of
antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulate
components of the immune system without antigenic specificity, such as
adjuvant. Many endogenous substances are non-specific immunostimulants like
female sex hormones are known to stimulate both adaptive and innate immune
responses. Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system as well, most
notably vitamin D, prolactin and growth hormone.
Cancer
immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to reject cancer. The main
assumption is stimulating the patient’s immune system to attack the malignant
tumor cells that are responsible for the disease. In late 1800s Dr William
Coley first noted that getting an infection after surgery seemed to help some
cancer patients. He starts treating cancer patients by infecting them with
certain kinds of bacteria, which came to be called as Coley toxins.
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